Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2010 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 9 Articles
A floating Drug Delivery System with an effervescent agent was formulated containing Cefadroxil monohydrate. The Purpose of present investigation is to formulate once daily preparation of the same. In preliminary studies different excipients were tried to study their effect on the floating lag time and total floating time. From the results of preliminary trials it was observed that formulations containing HPMC K4M, HPMC K100M and Lactose gave desirable floating lag time and total floating time. The full factorial design with two central points was setup to study effect of selected variables on the drug release New effervescent system combination i.e. sodium glycine carbonate and citro glycine was tried replacing the conventional one. Batches formulated with factorial design were subjected to hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, floating lag time, total floating time and in-vitro dissolution studies. It was observed that the batches containing lower concentration (18-24%) of high viscosity polymers showed good floating properties as well as good release profile. The optimized batch was also subjected to the stability studies and characterization by Infra Red spectroscopy. In present investigation, an attempt was made to deliver Cefadroxil Monohydrate via floating drug delivery system to the vicinity of absorption site by prolonging the gastric residence time of the dosage form....
Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. They are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. Structural Advantages allow dendrimers to play an important role in the fields of nanotechnology, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. As a result of their unique behaviour dendrimers are suitable for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. The bioactive agents can be easily encapsulated into the interior of the dendrimers or chemically attached that is conjugated or physically adsorbed onto the dendrimer surface, serving the desired properties of the carrier to the specific needs of the active material and its therapeutic applications. The review aims to emphasize on construction, characterisation, drug delivery and possible application of dendrimers in various areas of research, technology and treatment....
The present study pertains to the development of Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) of Ketoconazole, which is having narrow absorption window in gastrointestinal tract. The two different floating drug delivery systems were developed for controlled drug delivery of Ketoconazole in stomach. A 32 factorial design was used in formulating the buoyant capsule with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15 M) and lactose as independent variables. Floating time, swelling index, drug release were the three dependent variables. The floating tablet formulation was developed by taking the optimized capsule formulation as base point. Sodium bicarbonate was used as gas forming agent and citric acid was added to counteract the neutralizing effect of sodium bicarbonate in stomach and to prolong the in vivo gastric retention. These tablets were evaluated for floating lag time, in vitro floating time and drug release properties. The in vivo buoyancy time for tablets and capsules were evaluated by X-ray studies. In vivo study showed that the optimum tablet and capsule formulation were retained in stomach for more than eight hours. The percent drug release of capsule formulation was found to be 80.33% and that of tablet formulation was found to be 80.16% in 8 hours which serves the purpose of developing a gastro retentive formulation....
Methylxanthine are commonly used for treatment of asthma and other respiratory system disorder. They consist of three members; caffeine, theophylline and theobromine.\r\nAntidermatophytic activity of methylxanthine after addition of adenine and guanine was determined against two clinically isolates of dermatophytes including Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum. Measurement of colony diameter that converted to percentage inhibition was the main method used in this study.\r\nAdenine at lower concentrations increased inhibitory effects of methylxanthine on two strains of dermatophytes. Meanwhile, high concentrations of guanine exhibited the same results. Epidermophyton floccosum showed more susceptibility to the mixture of methylxanthine with guanine than those of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.\r\nIn conclusions: The ability of methylxanthine to inhibit dermatophytes growth had been increased in the presence of adenine and guanine....
The basic goal of the therapy behind sustained release dosage form is to achieve a steady state blood or tissue level that is therapeutically effective and non toxic for an extended period of time, the ideal objective of drug delivery are spatial placement and temporal delivery of a drug. Dosage forms that can retain in the stomach are called as gastro-retentive drug delivery system. Gastric retention will provide advantages such as the delivery of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the small intestinal region. Also, longer residence time in the stomach could be advantageous for local action in the upper part of the small intestine. Mucous membrane of the stomach is highly adsorptive for most of the polymers because it contain large amount of water, that�s why the concept of mucoadhesion came out. The polymers which have the property to adhere to the mucous membrane are known as mucoadhesive polymers. The binding of polymer to the mucous membrane has promising results for the sustained drug delivery. Beside stomach mucoadhesive polymers are available which has the property to bind ocular, nasal, Rectal, vaginal, buccal, sublingual surfaces. This approach can be use to prolong the release of drug up to 12 hrs of time....
Technological advancements have developed several novel approaches for the delivery of various types of drugs that could revolutionize the methods of medication and provide a number of therapeutic benefits. Oral controlled drug delivery forms a crucial facet among novel drug delivery systems. Rational approach to enhance bioavailability and improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of orally administered drug is to retain the drug reservoir above its absorption area i.e. in the stomach and to release the drug in a controlled manner, so as to achieve zero order kinetics (i.e. oral infusion) for a prolong period of time. One such approach of oral sustained drug delivery which has gained attention of academic and industrial research group is gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS). The focus of this review is to give the detail insight of various formulation approaches used in GRDDS....
The percentage of new chemical entities synthesised with low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy is growing, this presents major challenges for the drug delivery. For this major challenge, different methods are developed for the improvement of the oral bioavailability, but some have major disadvantages. Recently, oral lipid based formulation is develop for the improvement of the oral bioavailability. Lipid based formulation may improve oral bioavailability via several mechanisms; enhancement of gastrointestinal solubilisation remains argueably the most important method of absorption enhancement. In this review discuss about lipid formulation classification system (LFCS) on the basis of the different types of surfactant like water soluble and water insoluble and different concentration of the excipients, those are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Various parameters are mention for the evaluation of the lipid based formulation like equilibrium phase behaviour, self dispersion and size dispersions, in vitro dispersion, droplet size and surface charge, in vitro release. In the USA, Japan and other countries, various poorly soluble drugs are commercially available lipid-based formulations for oral administration....
Novel topical anticold symptomatic relief formulation was developed into laboratory using eutectic mixture of menthol and camphor as a base, analgesic and nasal decongesant. Different batches were prepared by altering the amount of eutectic mixture and methyl salicylate. The resulting solutions were filled in refillable container containing absorbent. Selection of optimized batch was done by comparing the results of feeling of warmth, subsequent cooling sensation, evaporation/penetration of the solution and viscosity of each formulated batch against standard market formulation (Roll on�®). In house grading system from 0-50 was developed based on absolute percentage deviation. The optimized batch showed highest score of 48.6. Radar diagram visually confirmed selection of best batch. Stability study carried out for 2 months at 25 �± 2o demonstrated no considerable difference in performance characteristics....
Semiconductor Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent nanoparticles with unique electrical and optical properties that make them suitable for fluorescent probing applications to detect cancer. QDs used as multiple cancer biomarkers in vitro and in vivo in cells/ tissues/ whole body via drug delivery vesicles which allow the simultaneous treatment of the cancer cell. QDs are made from tiny bits of semiconductor materials and glow with different lights under UV/LASER light depending on their shape and size. Their coatings allow them to hone in on tumors, zoom down and go to the molecular level for imaging and treatment. QDs track individual cells, movement of proteins inside the cells as well as number and type of molecules over or under expressed. This generates a ââ?¬Å?Virtual Biopsyââ?¬Â of the inner circuitry of cells allowing on-the-spot patient specific treatment. However the fact that the body does not know of a suitable mechanism to metabolize the toxic semiconductor metals, limits their clinical use. QDs can thus provide new testing grounds for cancer drug therapies and novel drug delivery systems provided the biocompatibility issues involved are resolved. They definitely possess the potential to transform traditional monochrome cancer imaging techniques for improved diagnosis, treatment and patient care....
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